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‘Report’ Categoría
IMF Press Conference on Unemployment Outlook and Rebalancing
Miércoles, Abril 14, 2010
- Recent recession’s jobless dynamics differed across advanced economies
- Study sees high rates of unemployment persisting through 2011
- Standard policy levers remain primary tools to counter unemployment rise
Washington (Revista E) - Combating unemployment in the aftermath of the global crisis will remain a policy priority in most advanced economies at least through 2011, according to a new IMF study.
The study, released as part of the IMF’s flagship World Economic Outlook (WEO), says that given the sluggish economic recovery and the lingering effects of the global financial crisis, average unemployment across advanced economies is forecast to remain high through 2011, even though job creation is likely to pick up this year.
“The global economy is recovering from its deepest downturn since World War II, but the speed of recovery differs greatly across regions,” the study, published on April 14 as Chapter 3 of the WEO, says.
“For many advanced economies—where the financial crisis was centered—recovery is expected to be slow. In this context, persisting high unemployment may be the key policy challenge facing these economies as recovery gains traction.”
Differing impact
During the Great Recession of 2008/09, output and unemployment responses differed markedly across advanced economies. For example, in Ireland and Spain the unemployment rate increased by about 7½ percentage points, despite the fact that output dropped by more than 8 percent in Ireland but by only half as much in Spain. Moreover, although Germany suffered an output drop of about 7 percent, the unemployment rate actually decreased during its recession.
To shed light on this and near-term prospects, the chapter provides a systematic analysis of unemployment developments for a sample of 21 advanced economies during recessions and recoveries over the past 30 years.
Overall, the analysis presages sluggish employment growth during the recovery. Beyond the potentially slow recovery in output, the nature of the recent recession—financial crises combined with house price busts—in several advanced economies weigh against unemployment moderating any time soon. Indeed, based on the current path of policies, the forecasts presented suggest that although employment growth will turn positive in many advanced economies in 2010, the unemployment rate will remain high through 2011.
Ways of countering unemployment
Given the potential for high short-term unemployment to become entrenched over the medium term, combating unemployment is a key policy challenge. The standard macroeconomic policy levers—monetary policy and fiscal policy—remain the primary tools for boosting employment through their impact on economic activity. Financial sector repair is also essential, given that labor-intensive sectors rely heavily on bank credit.
Several specific labor market policies could help reduce unemployment, in addition to generally encouraging wage flexibility and improving labor market institutions.
For economies with lingering macroeconomic uncertainty, but where labor productivity remains strong, targeted and temporary hiring subsidies may help advance employment creation. Evidence suggests that the success of these schemes depends on how well they are targeted, designed, and enforced.
In countries with large short-time work programs, phasing them out as the economy recovers combined with carefully designed wage-loss insurance programs could help facilitate movement of labor across sectors.
Finally, in countries with two-tier labor markets—where employment protection legislation is strict for permanent contracts and the share of temporary workers is high—transitioning to a system of open-ended labor contracts under which employment security gradually increases with tenure could help reduce the negative impact of temporary employment contracts on human capital formation and the lack of unemployment benefit coverage for such workers.
76 % of the domestic users has spent less than 400 Euros in technology in the last six months
Jueves, Julio 30, 2009
The majority of the users considers his connection to be acceptable to Internet
Madrid, on July 30, 2009 - MuyComputer, has elaborated a report on technology and connection to Internet in the fireplace among his readers. In the same one information is compiled on the use of the technology in the fireplace, the number of computers, the expense in technology of the families, and diverse parameters on the connection to Internet, and the use of routers in particular domiciles. The report has been based on a survey realized to 1.983 active users of computer science from June 22 to July 22, 2009.
One of the paragraphs distinguished from MuyComputer’s study has been that of the expense in computer material. 76 % of the users has spent 400 Euros or less in technology for the fireplace in the last six months. Of them, 36 % has spent among 100 and 400 Euros and the rest less than 100 Euros, which points at the band of price of the netbook and of the components of computer. This remains reflected in another result of the survey, in which it appears that 19 % has bought the portable one as last acquisition in computer material, whereas 23 % has acquired components or mice and keyboards to complement his computer.
Is confirmed the declivity of the sales of the computers of tablecloth, which only suppose 8 % of the last acquisitions realized for the fireplace during the last semester. In spite of it, the computer of tablecloth continues being present in the fireplaces; almost a third of the polled ones only has this type of PC. This reveals that the park of the computers of tablecloth is something antiquated. In the area of the software, music, movies and games the expense also is low, with 92 % of the users that has spent in this type of products 200 Euros or less in the last six months.
On the use of PCs, the consulted ones for MuyComputer affirm that principally they use the computer to sail or to use services related to Internet. 70 % of the polled ones affirms that they use the computer principally for the Network. Only 6 % destines principally the computer for games, which appears to that little by little the consoles go being established as the principal alternative in this area. On the serious uses of the domestic computer, 9 % admits that I use the prinicipal is the performance of office computer activities. The edition of images or video only they suppose 7 % of the whole.
In the paragraph relative to the connection the polled ones say to Internet to be satisfied or very satisfied by his connection of information. 14 % considers his very satisfactory connection, whereas 60 % qualifies it of acceptably. The majority continues being a public inspector to the ADSL, with 70 % of the polled ones that use this connection. The connections for cable already suppose 21 %, an important number.
It calls the attention that there is still a valuable number of users, 3 %, which continue using a telephonic modem to connect to the Network, number that overcomes 2 % that connects across 3G.
In MuyComputer’s report it has been payed attention also to the use of the router, an element for the connection to Internet that also can be in use for forming a local domestic network or safety systems against the external threats. Nevertheless, the result of the survey reveals that the use of the router in the fireplaces is infrautilizado. Only 24 % uses it for the connection among computer equipments inside the fireplace, and 10 % to connect other devices among yes and to Internet. Nevertheless, the great majority uses the router as simple modem to accede to Internet, 66 %.
On the safety options, few users extract profit or know the possibilities of configuration of ports or exclusion of connections, even they do not know the possibility of changing parameters of the connection WiFi. 36 % has never touched his router.